Analysis and Treatment of Common Faults of Turnouts
Jun 14, 2023| Ⅰ. What are the measures to prevent and rectify the bad direction of turnouts?
1. Do a good job in the overall maintenance of the 50m line before the turnout, and always keep the track surface flat and the direction smooth.
2. Do a good job in the direction of the straight stock basic rail and adjust the position of the switch.
3. Bend the bending point of the basic rail well, and do a good job of widening and decreasing the gauge.
4. Check and confirm the existing bending amount of the basic rail, and prepare the length and vector of the bending section according to the standard.
5. To strengthen the tamping operation, in addition to tamping according to the regulations, it should also be properly strengthened according to the characteristics of the turnout.
6. Supplementary tamping of the ballast bed, set switch rods and connecting rods in the turnout part, the ballast of each sleeper hole should be 20-30mm lower than the top surface of the turnout sleeper, and tamp the ballast bed.
7. Strengthen the maintenance and repair of various parts, and give full play to the role of various fasteners to fix the position of the rail.
Ⅱ. What are the reasons for the poor direction of the turnout?
1. Neglecting the overall maintenance of the turnout, resulting in poor direction of the turnout.
2. The laying position is not correct, and it will bend as it bends.
3. Aggravate the wear of rails and their parts, unreasonable operation methods, and rigidly make do with the support distance and gauge, resulting in irregularities in the continuous parts.
4. The position of the bending point of the curved basic rail is incorrect, resulting in poor rail direction of the switch part.
5. Improper tamping will cause potholes in the line.
6. Bad ballast and poor compaction reduce the resistance of the ballast bed.
7. The rail and its parts are not well connected, resulting in incorrect direction and so on.
Ⅲ. What are the reasons for the sharp rail crushing and side wear?
1. The tip rail and the basic rail are not closely bonded or falsely bonded;
2. The top iron of the point rail is too short
3. The vertical wear of the basic rail exceeds the limit;
4. The top surface of the front part of the switch rail is subjected to the rolling, squeezing and rolling action of the wheel tread and the rim.
Ⅳ. What are the measures to prevent and rectify the lack of close contact between the sharp rail and the basic rail?
1. Plane the insufficiently cut point rails;
2. Grinding and welding or replacing the top iron and reinforcing plate bolts;
3. Adjust the position of the switch machine and the switch rail rod so that they are on the same horizontal line;
4. Correct the direction of the basic rail, and correct the position and vector of the bending point;
5. Grinding the "fat edge" of the basic rail and the point rail;
6. Drive the spikes to eliminate the false gauge;
7. Straighten the tip rail or basic rail, adjust the direction, and change the gauge;
8. Adjust the length of the connecting rod, change the hole position of the ear iron of the point rail or add an insulating backing plate. If the error is large, the ear iron or square steel can be replaced;
Weld repair or replace the worn and deflected sliding bed platform, rail support, sliding bed board shoulder, or use spiral spikes to connect the rail support, sliding bed board and sleepers into a whole, and use horizontal bolts to make the rail support and the basic rail firmly Connect together to eliminate "three seams".
Ⅴ. What are the reasons for the beating of the point rail?
1. The rail gap at the heel end of the point rail is too large, the spacer iron and the splint are worn, the bolts are loose, and the impact occurs when passing the car;
2. The heel bridge plate or the boss is crushed;
3. The tamping is not solid, and there is a hanging board;
4. The pointed rail arches the waist.
Ⅵ. What are the reasons for the inflexibility of the switch rail?
1. The tip rail crawls, and the two strands are inconsistent;
2. The position of the tie rod or connecting rod is incorrect;
3. The stud bolts at the heel end of the point rail are worn or the spacer iron splints are severely worn, and the bolts will not be pulled after tightening;
4. There is a small bend in the basic rail, and the sliding bed is not straight;
5. The hole wall of the tie rod, connecting rod, and joint iron bolt is worn and enlarged, and the screw is ground fine.
Ⅶ. What are the measures to prevent and rectify the beating of the point rail?
1. Weld repair or replace spacer iron, splint, replace worn stud bolts;
2. Supplement and refurbish the heel bridge plate and anti-jump iron, and take further anti-jump measures for the point rail, such as adding point rail anti-jump devices at the bottom of the basic rail, or installing anti-jump reinforcements at both ends of the point rail connecting rod Board, so that the long part is stuck on the bottom of the basic rail to prevent the jumping of the sharp rail;
3. Strengthen the tamping under the pillow of the switch part, especially the tamping of the joint and the heel of the point rail;
4. Straighten the point rail of the arch waist.
Ⅷ. What are the measures to prevent and rectify the unsmooth guide curve?
1. Ensure that the position of the support point and the heel support are correct;
2. Maintain the gauge size and make the decline rate meet the requirements;
3. The guide curve is visually smooth and smooth, eliminating goose heads;
4. In some places, it is solved by adjusting the track and correcting the gauge.
Ⅸ. Measures to prevent and rectify the partial wear of guide curve rails?
Lay 1/20 iron backing plate on the guide line;
Set a super-elevation of 6mm according to the needs, and within the range of the guide curve, it should not be greater than 2‰; along the slope;
Keep the connecting parts free of rails.
Ⅹ. Briefly describe the measures to prevent and rectify the expansion of the guide curve gauge.
1. Rail braces are set outside the guide curve, which can be separated by a sleeper or set continuously;
2. Renovate the rail support gap to eliminate the false gauge;
3. Install a bridge-type backing plate at the outer strand joint of the guide curve;
4. Replace the decayed cross pillow;
5. Concrete turnout sleepers should eliminate the shoulders of fasteners and the gaps at the bottom of rails.
XI. Briefly describe the reasons for partial surface wear of guide curve rails.
Answer: Since the super-elevation is not set for the strands outside the guide curve, they are subjected to centrifugal force for a long time, resulting in anti-super-elevation and eccentric wear of the upper strand rail.
XII. Briefly describe the reasons for the expansion of the gauge of the guide curve.
Answer: When the train passes the guide curve, due to the centrifugal force, lateral thrust and the impact of the wheels on the rail, the spikes will float away, the accessories will be loose, and the rail will be displaced.
XIII. Briefly describe the reasons why the guide curve is not smooth.
Answer: The size of the heel of the switch rail and the front and rear openings of frogs is not up to standard, the position of the support point is wrong, the size of the support is not standard and the work is not detailed, improper maintenance and the impact of the train wheel can all cause the guide curve to be not round and smooth.
XIV. What are the reasons for the non-standard frog gauge?
Answer: The inspection distance and back protection distance are not up to standard, and the dimensions of guard rail flange groove and frog flange groove are not up to standard, which are the reasons for disqualification of frog gauge.
XV. What are the causes of vertical wear and crushing of frogs?
Answer: When the wheel passes through the harmful space, it will have an impact on the center rail and the wing rail, and the switch sleeper at the center of the frog often has a hanging plate; damage to the solidity of the ballast bed is the main cause of vertical wear and crushing of the frog.
XVI. What are the measures to prevent vertical wear and crushing of frogs?
1. Strengthen the tamping at the bottom of the frog, especially the tamping at the fork center and the front and rear joints of the frog;
Thoroughly strengthen the tamping of the frog bottom by taking advantage of the opportunity of replacing the switch sleeper;
Put a rubber pad on the top surface of the frog bottom turnout pillow to buffer the force; (4) Fix the frog on the backing plate with the vertical bolt buckle plate to strengthen the overall stability of the frog.
A special iron seat can be installed on the turnout sleeper of the frog, and the frog position can be fixed with elastic fasteners
XVII. What are the measures to prevent and rectify frog partial wear?
Answer: Welding and repairing the eccentrically worn frog; the direction can be reversed; the tamping of the eccentrically worn part is strengthened, and the horizontal state of the frog is taken into account.