Analysis On The Maintenance And Management Mode Of Small-scale Track Maintenance Machinery in Railway Works

In recent years, large-scale road maintenance machinery has developed rapidly and been fully applied, while small-scale road maintenance machinery has developed relatively slowly. Small-scale road maintenance machinery has the characteristics of portability, flexibility, quick response, less resource occupation, and a wide range of operations. It still plays an irreplaceable role in the maintenance and repair of railway lines. With the acceleration of railway construction and the increase of train running speed, the maintenance work of railway lines has become more and more arduous, and the problems existing in the application process of small-scale road maintenance machinery have gradually been exposed. For this reason, it is necessary to study and discuss the development direction and ways of small-scale railway maintenance machinery according to the current situation of small-scale railway maintenance machinery in my country.

1 Problems in the maintenance and use management of small railway maintenance machinery

1.1 Heavy use, light management, light maintenance

Small-scale road maintenance machinery has the problem of "heavy use, light management, and light maintenance" in daily use. The main manifestations are: (1) In order to meet the needs of line maintenance and improve the utilization rate of skylights, the first-line workshops and work areas have long-term, high-intensity, and continuous use of road maintenance machinery, resulting in equipment damage; (2) Due to the heavy road maintenance machinery, For the sake of convenience and labor saving, there are phenomena of random dragging and rolling when transporting the machinery up and down the line, causing mechanical damage; (3) There are random blending of two-stroke mixed gasoline and engine oil that does not follow the ratio requirements, causing the two-stroke internal combustion engine to "squeeze the cylinder" and cause damage. (4) There is a phenomenon that the cylinder block is worn or even damaged due to failure to follow the requirements of the operating procedures and regular replenishment of lubricating grease; (5) There are failures to regularly tighten bolts, clean the carburetor, and replace vulnerable parts as required (6) After the construction is completed, there is no one to manage, and the machinery is randomly placed, mixed with tools and tools, or even placed in the open air, resulting in serious aging and corrosion of the machinery.

1.2 The technical content of the product is not high

The overall technical content of small road maintenance machinery products is low, and most products still maintain the original design structure. In recent years, with the improvement of automation, digitization, and intelligence, the technological level of large-scale road maintenance machinery has been greatly improved, but small-scale road maintenance machinery basically maintains the traditional technical model due to single functions and other reasons. With the development of the large-scale road maintenance machinery industry, new measures have been taken in construction management and construction organization, and there have been major changes in the combination configuration, on-road time, and operating efficiency of small road maintenance machinery. Therefore, the technology of small road maintenance machinery Functions and other aspects put forward many new requirements, and some traditional technologies will be eliminated. The mileage of China's high-speed railway lines has gradually increased, and the requirements for line quality have also been further improved. Small-scale road maintenance machinery with low technical content can no longer fully meet the requirements for use. For example, according to the line maintenance manual and wrench product standards, only the C-type fastener bolt motor wrench can meet the maintenance requirements of high-speed rail lines. However, due to the limitation of the overall technical level of the industry, there is currently no C-type fastener bolt motorized wrench that meets the use requirements in my country. Usually, A-type or B-type wrenches are used instead, resulting in a problem that the line maintenance process requirements do not match the actual situation of the industry.

2 An effective management model suitable for the maintenance and use of small-scale road maintenance machinery for railway works

2.1 Implement the maintenance system

If the maintenance department wants to ensure the quality of mechanical maintenance work, it must build a complete professional maintenance team, strictly implement the quality inspection standards for maintenance, and fully implement the maintenance responsibilities. For small road maintenance machinery and equipment, it is necessary for the equipment operator to carry out daily maintenance work. It is necessary to clarify the status of each system in the equipment and provide maintenance in time. The maintenance and repair work needs to be carried out after the daily construction tasks are completed. Strictly follow the Carry out maintenance work in accordance with relevant regulations. According to the specific working hours of the equipment, operators not only need to carry out daily maintenance, but also need to carry out regular maintenance and maintenance operations. During the regular maintenance period, the maintenance needs to be carried out in combination with different intervals, and the various types of maintenance should be clarified, so that no omissions should be made. Generally speaking, it is necessary to control the maintenance cycle of various parts of road maintenance machinery and equipment within six months, including electrical systems, pneumatic devices, and measurement systems, while braking devices and transmission systems need to be controlled within three months. Before the maintenance work is carried out, the maintenance personnel need to check the maintenance content in the maintenance standard, and then carry out the parameter detection work, so as to judge the specific operation status of the equipment, so as to ensure the normal use of the equipment.

2.2 Scientific management of road maintenance equipment

Although the price of a small-scale road maintenance machine is relatively low, the actual work often requires the cooperation of multiple devices and multiple personnel, and the actual line maintenance cost is still relatively high. In order to reduce the cost of maintenance in the later period, the user unit should pay more attention to the small road maintenance machinery. It is not only necessary to formulate a small-scale road maintenance machinery management system at the level of the public works section, but also to improve the on-site supervision and management system, improve the quality of on-site staff, and minimize equipment damage caused by human factors. In addition, each user unit should reasonably evaluate the service life, maintenance cycle, damage reasons, etc. of the equipment, and use it in strict accordance with the equipment maintenance manual.

2.3 Establish a dynamic management system for small road maintenance machinery

The management personnel of the road maintenance machinery in the station section should establish a dynamic management system for the machinery, and various accounts and records should be reported regularly. (1) Workshops and work areas should establish records for the use of road maintenance machinery. The use of the main road maintenance machinery should be recorded in detail, the user should be identified, and the use time should be recorded to facilitate the division of responsibilities and statistics of failures after failures occur. (2) Workshops and work areas shall establish road maintenance machinery allocation records. In order to meet the needs of safe production, road maintenance machinery in workshops and workshops can be deployed. However, road maintenance machinery management personnel in workshops and work areas must establish deployment records, record the types and quantities of deployment machinery, identify responsible persons, and update the account in a timely manner. (3) Maintenance records for road maintenance machinery shall be established in workshops and work areas. The management personnel of road maintenance machinery in front-line workshops and work areas should maintain the machinery regularly and keep records. For the machinery sent to the machine repair workshop for maintenance, the time of sending for repair and the handover personnel should be confirmed to distinguish responsibilities.

2.4 Condition-based maintenance

At present, with the rapid improvement of maintenance technology, the maintenance efficiency of large-scale railway maintenance machinery has also increased. As one of the core technologies of new maintenance technology, condition-based maintenance technology has been widely used in the maintenance work of railway maintenance equipment. By using advanced maintenance equipment, technicians can realize rapid detection of equipment, accurately judge maintenance parameters and analyze faults, and clarify the actual status of equipment components in the shortest possible time. For example, ferrography analysis technology is usually used when overhauling the existing oil of machinery. When performing flaw detection on common parts of equipment and brake beam structures, it is necessary to use magnetic particle flaw detection equipment to complete. The use of ultrasonic flaw detection devices can complete the flaw detection and repair of axle devices and so on. In the process of implementing condition-based maintenance, technicians should select the most appropriate maintenance method and maintenance equipment based on the actual status of large-scale railway maintenance machinery, and formulate a specific dynamic maintenance plan, in which the key maintenance parts, maintenance methods and maintenance cycles must be clarified.

2.5 Efforts to develop in the direction of automation, digitization and intelligence

While improving product quality, increase technological content and additional functions to provide data support for later maintenance programs. For example, the intelligent control bolt wrench can record the torque of each bolt and detect the level status of the line while automatically tightening the bolts. Improving the level of automation can also effectively reduce the labor intensity of workers, and remote control can further protect the safety of workers. For example, for automatic or remote-controlled rail cutting machines, the operator only needs to complete the clamping work, and the machine can automatically cut the rails, which not only solves the impact of different manual operation methods on the quality of rail cutting, but also reduces the labor intensity of personnel to the greatest extent. and security risks.